Industry Focus │ Revolutionary Breakthrough Core Technology Inventory in the Development of New Energy Vehicles-Reprinted

In recent years, the development speed of new energy vehicles has reached an astonishing point. Not to mention the frequent listing of new energy vehicles, users have never had such a rich choice, and the development of new energy-related technologies is its development. key. So, what core technologies can not be ignored in the development of new energy vehicles? Please see the dry goods we bring about new energy technologies.

CCHP

CCHP uses natural gas as the main fuel to drive gas turbines, micro-turbines or internal combustion engine generators and other gas-fired power generation equipment. The generated electricity supplies the power demand of users, and the waste heat emitted by the system after power generation is provided to users through waste heat recovery and utilization equipment Heating and cooling. As an expansion of traditional combined heat and power CHP, CCHP can not only meet the power generation needs, but also release the heat that will be recycled as a by-product, as a heat source for space heating, water heating and space cooling. This technology is often applied to air-conditioning equipment in buildings, and the ratio of electrical energy generated by absorption chillers to waste heat can be varied to meet specific requirements.

Compared with the independent heating and power system, the combined cooling and heating system not only improves energy efficiency, saves energy, but also reduces fuel and energy costs, so it has more economic benefits. The combination of CCHP and renewable energy, such as biogas, has further promoted the energy transformation, and at the same time contributed to the increasingly serious greenhouse effect through the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, the potential cannot be ignored.

Battery Technology

In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the research of battery technology, and countries around the world are increasing investment in battery technology. At present, in the battery field, different types of batteries are taking advantage in different application scenarios. The rapid development of battery technology has also accelerated the pace of global energy transformation.

There are many types of battery technologies. The five major categories of aluminum-air batteries, lead-acid batteries, fuel cells, molten salt batteries, and lithium batteries are the most popular. Among these five, the most common one is the lithium-ion battery, whose efficiency can reach 80% to 85%, does not require complicated installation conditions, has the characteristics of long life and high output power, but the safety performance is slightly worse, and the requirements for the battery management system are relatively high, and the cost of the battery system is also high. The overall efficiency of lead-acid batteries is about 70% to 75%, and the safety performance can be improved by controlling the overcharge reaction. No complicated battery management is required. The short-term amortization and initial investment are relatively low, but the requirements for ventilation are relatively high. And the cycle life is limited. At present, it is mainly used in frequency modulation, voltage regulation, uninterruptible power supply, photovoltaic energy storage system and island grid. If the complete automated production line can be established in the future, the application scale will continue to expand. In addition, the total efficiency of molten salt batteries is about 68% to 75%. This type of battery has a high energy density and a long service life, about 15 to 20 years. The raw material cost of sodium and sulfur resources is low, but its operating temperature is very high. It may bring potential dangers during use. Currently, it is mainly used in frequency modulation, peak shifting, electric vehicles, island grids and uninterruptible power supplies.

Power to Gas Technology

Renewable energy power generation has the characteristics of intermittent power generation and poor controllability, which brings great challenges to its large-scale grid-connected operation. Electricity-to-gas technology uses hydrogen to break the gap between the traditional power system and the natural gas system, making the two-way flow of energy between the power system and the natural gas system possible, promoting the deep integration of the gas-electricity network, and also solving the fluctuations of renewable energy power generation Sexual issues provide new ways. Electricity to gas technology is an important supporting technology for future multi-energy systems.

Power to Gas (PtG) is a technology that converts electrical energy into fuel gas with high energy density. Electricity-to-gas technology first electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen (PtH2), which can be directly injected into pipelines for transportation or other industrial fields; or combined with carbon dioxide generated in the atmosphere, biomass waste gas and industrial waste gas, through methanation The reaction is converted to methane (PtCH4) for subsequent transportation. If the electricity used for electrolyzed water comes from solar energy or wind energy, electricity-to-gas technology can form a comprehensive utilization system of renewable energy in all application fields.

Phase change energy storage technology PCM technology

Phase change energy storage is a type of thermal energy storage that utilizes phase change material (Phase Change Material, PCM) heat storage characteristics to store or release heat therein, so as to achieve a certain regulation and control of the temperature of the surrounding environment of the phase change material , Thereby changing the temporal and spatial distribution of energy use and improving the efficiency of energy use.

Phase change energy storage utilizes the change in the thermodynamic state (enthalpy) of the material during the transition from one physical state to another. For example, when the ice melts into water, it needs to absorb a lot of heat from the surrounding environment, and it needs to release a lot of heat when it re-solidifies. In this endothermic/exothermic process, the temperature of the material remains unchanged, that is, the conversion process that can bring a large amount of energy within a small temperature change range is the main feature of phase change energy storage.

Hydrogen technology

Hydrogen is a production material in the field of traditional chemical production. It is also a very flexible energy carrier. It is one of the rare zero-emission energy carriers other than electricity. The product after combustion is only water. As an energy carrier, hydrogen has an important role in energy supply in various fields such as transportation, industry, and construction. Combining fuel cell technology can greatly improve the operational flexibility of future low-carbon energy systems.

At present, the hydrogen energy industry is in the initial stage of transforming hydrogen from industrial raw materials to energy utilization, which has been valued by various countries. Tokyo, Japan has formulated a set of plans specifically for the development of hydrogen energy. China has established or plans to establish 40 hydrogen refueling stations, of which 12 hydrogen refueling stations are in operation, and more than 20 hydrogen refueling stations are under construction. These hydrogen refueling stations are mainly located in the east of China, among which 8 hydrogen refueling stations are under construction in Foshan, Guangdong .

The construction of hydrogen production equipment, transportation equipment, and hydrogen refueling stations and other infrastructure is the first step in the development of hydrogen energy, which is also the biggest challenge that hydrogen energy development will face. The cost of basic equipment cannot be underestimated at every link in its industrial chain. As a flexible secondary energy source, hydrogen energy can effectively combine the use of power grids, heat pipe networks, and various types of terminal fuels to promote the integration of energy supply ends, achieve multi-energy complementarity, and improve energy efficiency.

Condensing boiler

As a common industrial production and civil equipment on the energy supply side, the boiler uses the heat energy or other heat energy released by the combustion of fuel to heat the working fluid or other fluid to a certain parameter, thus meeting the heating demand. However, in this energy exchange process, there will always be a part of energy loss. How to generate more energy and improve energy efficiency under the condition of consuming the same gas is an important direction of inquiry in the field of energy supply. In this process, efficient condensing boiler technology came into being.

The traditional boiler exhaust temperature is about 110℃-200℃. The condensing combustion technology of the condensing boiler can reduce the temperature of the flue gas to 50 degrees, condensing part of the flue gas into a liquid state, and absorbing the heat of the flue gas changing from gas to liquid. That is, the heat that was originally taken away by the flue gas is recovered, so that the heat is fully utilized and the heat loss is greatly reduced. Therefore, the thermal efficiency is much higher than ordinary boilers, up to 98%. In addition, the condensing boiler also has the function of full premixed combustion, which avoids incomplete combustion and waste of resources due to the mismatch of air and gas ratio. The combustion chamber of the condensing boiler is often made of stainless steel material, which has higher acid resistance and corrosion resistance than ordinary copper and aluminum materials, so the service life can reach more than 20 years, and has considerable economic value from an investment perspective.

Heat pump technology

The heat pump is an efficient energy-saving device that makes full use of low-grade heat energy. Heat can be transferred spontaneously from high-temperature objects to low-temperature objects, but it cannot spontaneously proceed in the opposite direction. The working principle of the heat pump is a mechanical device that forces heat to flow from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object in a reverse cycle mode. It consumes only a small amount of reverse cycle net work and can obtain a large amount of heat supply, which can effectively reduce the difficult to apply low grade Heat energy is used to achieve energy saving purposes.

Common types of heat pumps are air heat pumps or air-water heat pumps, which can transfer heat from the surrounding air or exhaust gas to the house that needs to be heated. Thanks to the ingenious use of coolant, compression and heating technology, it can be used both in high temperatures in summer and sub-zero temperatures in winter. Water heat pumps (also known as water-water heat pumps) need to extract heat from relatively warm groundwater, and then guide the groundwater back. To protect the soil and groundwater, such heat pumps often require approval before they can be used. There is also a geothermal heat pump, which can directly absorb geothermal energy through a probe or surface collector, which is very convenient and widely used. The heat pump is not only low-carbon and environmentally friendly, but also relatively quiet in operation. It can be used on a small building area, so it has been increasingly used in modern heating systems and homes. From a long-term economic perspective, since there is no need for additional fuel costs, it has advantages over traditional heating and cooling systems.

Biomass

Biomass energy refers to various organisms produced by photosynthesis using the atmosphere, water, land, etc., that is, all living and growing organic substances are generally called biomass. It includes plants, animals and microorganisms. Broad concept: Biomass includes all plants, microorganisms, animals that feed on plants and microorganisms, and the wastes they produce.

The range of biomass energy utilization is also very wide, such as direct combustion, biomass gasification, liquid biofuel biogas (biogas power generation technology biogas fuel cell technology), biological hydrogen production, biomass power generation technology, primary battery, etc., and these technologies are The development of new energy vehicles plays an important role. At the same time, these technologies can suppress oil prices to a certain extent, and the future development potential is huge.

Virtual power plant

In recent years, virtual power plants have been proposed to integrate various distributed energy sources, including distributed power sources, controllable loads, and energy storage devices. The basic concept is to aggregate the distributed power supply, controllable load and energy storage devices in the power grid into a virtual controllable aggregate through the distributed power management system, participate in the operation and scheduling of the power grid, and coordinate the smart grid with the distributed power supply. Contradictions, fully tap the value and benefits of distributed energy for the power grid and users. The virtual power plant is mainly composed of power generation system, energy storage equipment and communication system.

Virtual power plants empower power grid companies and emerging business entities in areas such as unified perception, physical ID applications, precise active repairs, virtual power plants, one-stop processing of smart energy services, and big data applications. Taking the comprehensive energy service platform as an example, we can use the entrance to integrate energy efficiency service sharing platform, provincial customer-side energy use service platform, new energy big data platform, Internet of Vehicles, photovoltaic cloud network, smart energy control and other systems, and exert large-scale agglomeration Effect; externally, it can provide unified platform-based shared services such as grid connection, monitoring, measurement, billing, transaction, operation and maintenance for various emerging business entities. In the future, the virtual power plant will further \"invade the energy market\" with its many superior characteristics.